Essay on “Driving competitive forces in the movie industry”

Essay on â€Å"Driving competitive forces in the movie industry† In the movie rental industry the five forces include limited options where there are a limited number of options that are available this mainly consist of Red box, Netflix, Blockbuster and small video stores. Most of the times renters are forced to choose among the above mentioned this is because there is a large number of buyers. This is favourable since it assists these companies’ to be in charge of market share over renting of videos. Convenience is also another factor the buyers are always going for more convenient and easier methods of doing things, because movie rental industries tend to be moving in the same way this ensures that at least everyone has a choice. Netflix and the other industries make most movies online this is favourable because inventories are not required and the issue of running out of movie copies is also avoided. (Solutions, 2009, p.56) Economy is also a factor nowadays people enjoy watching movies but going to the theater to watch movies is expensive. The availability of the movie on rental basis is cheap and easy way to view a movie. It is cheap because renting prices are affordable it makes renting favourable. It is only unfavorable when one waits for three to eight months for the movie to be obtainable on DVD. A four factor is change in lifestyle as people get older they tend to change their lifestyle and this involves staying at home at most times which encourages people to watch movies. Rental movies hence become favourable. Changing in efficiency and cost compared to inventories renting movies is more efficient because less time is wasted and it also cuts on economical costs.

Essay on Religious Justifications of Slavery in the Caribbean

Religious Justifications of Slavery in the Caribbean The doctrine of Christianity grants eternal life to all persons who accept that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and choose to follow him. Such a statement leaves little room for interpretation of the scripture itself. Nevertheless, the nineteenth century Christian churches of the Caribbean Islands created a racial distinction between humans which determined who could and who could not be granted eternal life through the Christian faith. This concept of race was based on the belief that Africans were intellectually unable to make an educated decision regarding personal religion. Planters supported this discrimination against their workers because then they did not have to be cruel to†¦show more content†¦(Later they were informed by the missionaries). The slave owners did not encourage the institution of marriage. It was felt that the strength and power of the marriage union would offer a threat to the Plantation System. Concubinage was encouraged as it was believed that this frail type of union would keep the negroes humble and complacent. Despite the rapid social changes taking place, common-law marriages and concubinage are still present in Caribbean and will perhaps be for a long time. During the latter part of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century (1890-1910) there was a large movement of people from Jamaica to Cuba, Panama, Costa Rica and the United States of America in search of jobs. Fathers travelled away from their families leaving mothers to be solely responsible for the upbringing of their children. During the 1950s there was an exodus of Jamaicans to England. These included both fathers and mothers, and so, many children were left to be cared for by their grandmothers and other relatives. Although families differ in form according to the society, they nevertheless are responsible for carrying out certain functions. The chief of these are: 1. Procreation or reproduction - for continuation of the species. 2. Socialisation which includes -education, religion, preparation for a career, learning social relationships, management of leisure and being a responsibleShow MoreRelatedArguments Against Slavery in the British Caribbean Under the Following Headings: I) Economic Ii) Religious Iii) Humanitarian775 Words   |  4 Pagespresenting arguments AGAINST slavery in the British Caribbean under the following headings: i) Economic ii) Religious iii) Humanitarian On every street corner, in every household, on every tongue and on every wall, contradictory views on the system of slavery are being disputed. The public is being bombarded by the economic, religious and humanitarian views of slavery. The pressing issue that will be highlighted in today’s article is the arguments against slavery. 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Free Radiology Dissertation Topics Free Essays

This post was contributed by Casey Roberts, who is a student and also writes for Radiology Assistant. Radiology Assistant helps students find the right radiology degree. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Free Radiology Dissertation Topics or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0. Introduction to Radiology Radiology is the branch of medicine that uses radiographs to produce images of the human body in order to diagnose and treat ailments. Although radiology exclusively meant x-ray in the past, there are now many different types of radiology imaging used in medicine. Radiology dissertation topics can discuss new areas of technology, why the old ones are still relevant, or even a pro and con list of two or more types of radiology imaging. Below, we have more topics of interest to those writing a radiology dissertation. 2.0. Types of Radiology 2.1X-ray 2.1.1 The history and evolution of the x-ray since its first inception in 1895. 2.1.2 To what extent are x-rays still useful today, and will there ever be a day when they are no longer needed. 2.1.3 Madam Curie and the x-ray. Her curiosity to see how the beams worked in conjunction with radiation led to some amazing discoveries along with her death. Is the scientific venture worth sacrificing your own life for? 2.1.4 Use of x-rays for diagnosing conditions in the skull. 2.1.5 Use of x-rays to diagnose chest illnesses such as lung cancer, heart issues, and others. 2.1.6 How new developments in x-ray technology could effect the future, such as x-ray use in nanospectroscopy. 2.1.7 Application of x-ray technology beyond medicine, such as the use of the Chandra X-ray by NASA used to take images of space. 2.2 Fluoroscopy and Angiography 2.2.1How is the use of fluoroscopy and angiography superior/inferior to the use of x-ray? 2.2.2 What are the advantages and diseases that can be best treated by fluoroscopy and angiography along with their outcomes. 2.2.3 What are the dangers of iodine use in fluoroscopy and angiography. 2.3 Computerized tomography (CT) 2.3.1 Production of human organ systems from use of computerized tomography and their applications. 2.3.2 Production of three dimensional maps of human organs through the use of CT scans. 2.3.3 Use of CT scans to discern brain patterns for analysis, such as those in the mentally ill or who have dementia. 2.3.4 Growth of single-photon emission computed tomography to map blood flow and its uses in various diseases and conditions. 2.3.5 Use of CT technology beyond medicine in areas such as the environment, veterinary health, and even the geophysical. 2.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 2.4.1 How the use of MRI contrast agents can be improved to better develop images. 2.4.2 Use of MRI to diagnose intracranial hemorrhage for better patient outcomes. 2.4.3 Use of MRI to map out cardio functions to better diagnose conditions and plan surgeries. 2.4.4 Cost vs. effectiveness of use of MRI scanning vs. a cheaper but more limited imaging such as ultrasound. 2.4.5 The rise of MRI guided procedures as well as the benefits and shortfalls 2.4.6 Size of MRI machines, why they need to be so big, how they could be reduced in size, or increased in opening to accommodate larger patients. 2.4.7 Claustrophobia and the MRI machine: which patients should and should not be forced into one. 2.5 Nuclear Medicine 2.5.1 Use of radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine and their dangers. 2.5.2 Analysis and comparison of agents used in nuclear medicine such as Iodine-123, Iodine-131, Gallium-67, Technetium-99m, and Thallium-201. 2.5.3 How nuclear medicine and CT scans can be used in tandem to produce better results. 2.5.4 Advantages and disadvantages of using positron emission tomography for use in detecting cancer. 2.5.5 Benefits and risks of nuclear medicine on items such as diagnosing, patient safety, and cost. 2.5.6 Disposal of nuclear medicine waste: the proper ways to be done, ways it can be recycled, and danger to the environment. 2.5.7 Cost of producing nuclear medicine agents and technology vs. the benefits 3.0. Other Radiology Topics 3.1 Difference between careers in radiology from doctor of radiology, radiology technician, radiology assistant, nurse, etc. 3.2 Use of radiology beyond diagnosing diseases and into items such as delivering drugs, guiding surgeries, etc. 3.3 How radiology can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of stroke. 3.4 Why hasn’t imaging technology in radiology kept up with imaging technology in personal photography with features such as digital images instead of film, smaller machines, lower costs, better results, etc. How to cite Free Radiology Dissertation Topics, Essays

Professionals Working In Aboriginal Health â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Professionals Working In Aboriginal Health? Answer: Introduction The health disadvantages experienced by indigenous Australians have a historical origin. Before 1788, indigenous Australians enjoyed better health than most individuals living in Europe (HealthInfoNet, 2017). This situation changed after the onset of colonisation, and now indigenous communities have higher chances of being diagnosed with the diseases than non-indigenous people. Currently, health disadvantages among the indigenous people are advanced by modern socio economic factors, incarnated in social determinants of health (Knibbs Sly, 2014). Factors such as unemployment, lack of land, poor access to care services and incarceration result in poor health of the indigenous Australians. Racism is a leading cause of mental illnesses and suicide among the indigenous Australians (Priest, Paradies, Gunthorpe, Cairney, Sayers, 2011). The selected topic for this assignment is the impact of racism on indigenous Australians relating to suicide and mental illness. Racism is a primary factor in the occurrence of mental illnesses and suicide among the indigenous Australians. When indigenous people are discriminated and abused, they tend to develop psychological distress and mental illnesses that can later cause an individual to commit suicide. This assignment will analyse four recent media items from a different source. The selected news articles have themes of racism, mental health and suicide relating to indigenous Australians. Media Item One Thorpe. N., (2017). Government at all levels failing Australias first peoples, indigenous leaders. Retrieved from https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/nitv-news/article/2017/03/16/governments-all-levels-failing-australias-first-peoples-indigenous-leaders According to Thorpe (2017), the governments continually disappointed the indigenous people despite bipartisan support. Specifically, the government has failed to close the gap in healthcare inequality between Aboriginal Australians and non-indigenous people. This news article highlights the link between suicide and racism. Based on the article, there is an elaborate link between racism and suicide. This link reveals that there is significant evidence on the harmful impacts of racism. Aboriginal Australians, who experience racism, have higher chances of experiencing anxiety and depression, which consequently increases the risk of suicide. This argument insinuates that racisms increase the risk of adverse mental health effects. Based on this news article, the indigenous people are twice more likely to commit suicide in comparison to non-Aboriginal Australians. The level of psychological distress is also higher among the Aboriginal people than the non-indigenous community. As such, the high incidence of psychological distress increases the risk of suicide by up to three times higher in Aboriginal Australians than non-indigenous people. Thorpe (2017), attempts to offer a remedy to the high prevalence of suicide linked to racism. The author notes that solid government support can help to address the high suicide rates. Besides, support from the non-indigenous community is indispensable in addressing the high rates of suicide among the indigenous people. The support should be designed and offered at the community level for better outcomes. How fits into unit overall and topics discussed or covered This news article relates to the cover topics. Specifically, it relates to module 2 topic 1 and module 1 topic 3. Module 2 topic 1 outlines relevant and ongoing issues regarding initiatives put in place by the Australian governments to close the gap for indigenous people health and wellbeing. The news article notes that although there are approaches to promote the health and well-being of the indigenous people, these approaches are not fully effective. Some of the main approaches by the Australian government for the indigenous people are Mothers and Babies Services, Australian Nurse-Family Partnership Program, and Indigenous Australians Health Programme (Australian Department of Health, 2017). These programs are tailored to satisfy the needs of the indigenous people and bridge the health gap that is caused by social inequalities. On the other hand, module 1 topic 3 argues that identity is an important aspect of the indigenous culture. As such, the government programs should be design ed to promote the identity of the aboriginal people. How media item contributes to the topics discussion or debate The media item seems to contribute both positively and negatively to the topic discussion. It attempts to show that the governments approaches are either ineffective or inadequate in addressing the effects of racism in the community. The news article propagates the negative portrayal by explaining the rate of suicides among the indigenous Australians compared to the non-indigenous Australians. According to Islam and Fitzgerald (2016), media reporting of topics can play a vital role in informing public opinion as well as government policies. Additionally, the media can lead to enhancing Aboriginal health by increasing knowledge and evidence-based balanced broadcasting. This media item from SBS can cause the government to enhance its services and develop more services to satisfy the unmet needs of the Aboriginal Australians. Personal reflection on the issue After analysing this media item, I feel that racism is still deep-rooted in the Australian community. This article shows that indigenous Australians are detached from their social, spiritual and cultural identity which increases the risk of suicide. I also think that the government should be more sensitive to the needs of the indigenous people. The link between social factors and health of the indigenous population in Australia is well documented (Shepherd, Li Zubrick, 2012). In this case, I think the Australian governments should focus on eliminating social inequality in the community, which will eventually improve the health of the indigenous Australians. Media Item Two NIT. (2017). Mental illness plagues young indigenous people: report. Retrieved from https://nit.com.au/mental-illness-plagues-young-indigenous-people-report/ Young indigenous Australians have higher chances of experiencing severe mental illnesses compared to younger people from non-indigenous communities. The National Indigenous Times refers to a recent report to explain the link between mental illnesses, suicide and racism. Based on the report, three in ten, young indigenous Australians are likely to experience serious mental illnesses. The statistics insinuate that approximately 33% of young Aboriginal Australians might experience cognitive problems. Most of the participants in the study were aged between 15 and 19 years. However, some of the participants were aged 10 years (NIT, 2017). The high prevalence of suicide, in this case, was linked to racism, which causes trauma. According to National Indigenous Times, indigenous Australians experience disengagement from employment and education. These kinds of a discrimination result in low levels of emotional and social well-being of young indigenous people. Such factors can lead to substance abuse and eventually suicide. According to this news article, dealing with the decreasing levels of emotional and social wellbeing needs a holistic approach. There should be holistic services as well as policies which empower the indigenous population to buttress recovery and resilience. Indigenous Australian leaders, elders and communities should strive to drive the policies and services that support recovery and resilience. Some methods that have been proposed to deal with the mental illnesses are community agencies, telephone hotlines and magazines. Young indigenous Australians can also turn to their friends and family members for help. In conclusion, this news article emphasises the importance of the Internet and online technologies in delivering mental health services to young people (NIT, 2017). The online services can include information on prevention, diagnosis and treatment programs. How fits into unit overall and topic discussed or covered The media item relates to the module 2 topic 1 and module 3 topic 2. These topics explore the impact of colonisation and the core elements of the indigenous culture respectively. Module 2 topic 1 suggests that colonisation is a calamitous influential factor in health and wellbeing of Aboriginal Australians. Colonisation is a driver of indigenous health because it relates to historical trauma. Conversely, racism is an overlapping and intersecting phenomenon (Paradies, 2016). The effects of colonisation on indigenous Australians are thus emphasised by racism. The impacts of both colonisation and racism increase the rates of suicide. Module 3 topic 2 notes that there is a strong connection between physical and spiritual elements. The indigenous people feel a strong connection to the land as a source of life. Hence, social disadvantages such as unemployment are likely to increase the prevalence of psychological stress and mental illnesses among the indigenous Australians. How media item contributes to the topics discussion or debate This news article contributes broadly to the debate because it proposes strategies for dealing with the high prevalence of mental illnesses in young Australians. The main contribution of the media article is proposing the adoption of a holistic approach to addressing the issues of indigenous people. The article seems to support some of the programs that have been established in Australia. For instance, the ACCHS are managed and operated by the Indigenous Board has chosen from local communities to offer healthcare services for Aboriginal people within a holistic health approach that enhances health, managed illnesses, and enhances community development (Durey, Thompson, 2012). These services also offer educational resources for health providers caring for indigenous communities. Furthermore, a holistic approach characterises illness aetiology in a wider socio-economic and historical context. It integrates linguistically and culturally suitable health promotion, education and preventi on of diseases and offers explanations of interventions. Personal reflection on the issue I feel that this article makes great sense in addressing the mental health issues for indigenous Australian. The article approaches mental illness from a social determinant approach rather than just a disease. From this perspective, the article proposes a holistic approach. I think this news article advances the idea that for indigenous Australians, health is spiritual, emotional, psychological and physical (Baba, Brolan Hill, 2014). To understand the mental illness of the indigenous Australians several themes should be examined including culture, spirituality, community kinships, social factors, economic factors and historical factors (Ypinazar, Margolis, Haswell-Elkins Tsey, 2007). When reflecting on the media item, I think it offers a potential solution to the issue of mental illness for indigenous Australians. Media Item Three WAtoday. (2017). Abuse, neglect: Perth inquest hears tragic tale of indigenous youth suicides. Retrieved from https://www.watoday.com.au/wa-news/abuse-neglect-perth-inquest-hears-tragic-tales-of-indigenous-youth-suicides-20170627-gwzfux.html This news article delineates the inquest into the suicide of young indigenous people. The article focuses on the story of a 10-year old girl who committed suicide three years after her sister took her own life. Based on this news article, there have been about 13 cases of suicides involving young indigenous people between 2012 and 2016. The increasing incidence of suicide among young indigenous Australians is a worrying trend because there are no clear reasons given. During the inquest of the suicide of the 10-year-old girl from Looma community, explanations were not given for her decision (WAtoday, 2017). However, it was reported that the girl had suicidal intentions. Besides, she was exposed to alcohol abuse as well as domestic violence and had not gotten mental health services. Out of 40 inquiries, approximately 700 recommendations had been put forth to address the issue of suicide among the indigenous communities. According to Mr Urquhart, a radical approach is required to address this issue (WAtoday, 2017). He worries that some of these recommendations are not appropriate while others are yet to be implemented. According to Patricia Dudgeon, who gave her opinion during the inquest, the ongoing racism is an important factor that affects indigenous wellbeing. Other factors that are linked to racism are forced removal, poverty and paternalism. Professor Dudgeon argued that there were no simple solutions to the problem of suicide among the indigenous people. She thinks that when people are treated as second-rate citizens, problems continue from one generation to the next. How fits into unit overall and topic discussed or covered This media item relates to several topics studied in this unit. For instance, based on module 2 topic 1, the impacts of colonisation are tremendous on the indigenous Australians. Young people are now experiencing the effects of colonisation elevated by racism. Evidently, this news article indicates that the wellbeing and health of the young indigenous Australians are greatly affected. This media item is supported by several other news articles and scholarly articles. Fogarty (2016) argues that the incidence of suicide among youth Aboriginal men in Australia is the highest in the world. Queensland and Tasmania have been found to have an increasing rate. Similarly, Chalmers and colleagues assert that suicide is higher among the indigenous Australian adolescents than in non-aboriginal adolescents (Chalmers et al., 2014). Based on this trend, there is a need to design culturally suitable mental illness interventions for the young Australians. In this case, the media item relates to modul e 3 topic 1. The topic relates to the designing of culturally appropriate services. How media item contributes to the topics discussion or debate This media item brings new insights into the debate. The article expounds more on the causes of suicide among the young Australians. Based on the analysis of this media item, suicide among the indigenous Australians is a manifestation of the mental illness. Most of the children who commit suicide exhibit symptoms of mental illness at a particular point in their life. Failure to address mental illness is what results in suicide. Apart from mental health, other factors are attributable to suicide. These include racism, alienation, stresses of disadvantage and exclusion (Department of Health, 2013). Additionally, the media item proposes that the rate of suicide in remote areas is high. The young Australians who have been reported to commit suicide in this news article live in rural areas. Recent evidence also suggests that suicide is high in remote areas (Soole, Klves, De Leo, 2014). The evidence also links suicide among the young Australians to substance abuse mainly alcohol. Personal reflection on the issue When reflecting on this media item, I think early detection and management of symptoms of mental health among the Aboriginal people is needed. The detection of risk factors such as substance abuse can also help to tackle the incidence of suicide among the indigenous population. Ideally, the study of patterns of illness can assist to prevent mental health issues by preventing their cause or their occurrence. It is also notable that preventing illness is simpler if the problem can be reliably detected or its cause (Costello, 2016). Media Item Four Haggan, M. (2017). Closing the gap is vital. Retrieved from https://ajp.com.au/news/closing-gap-vital/ Haggan (2017) acknowledges that the governments are devoted to improving the status of the indigenous communities. However, the author argues that renewed efforts are required to bridge the gap between the indigenous Australians and the other communities. The renewed approach should most specifically integrate the social determinants of health. This approach would help to address the long-standing inequalities in the Australian communities. The territory, state and federal governments should collaborate with the aboriginal health leaders to work towards establishing equality in the society. Several recommendations have been offered in this news article on how to bridge the gap. An inquiry into racism is required. There should be a focus on the incidence of racism in health care environment that leads to inequality in access to healthcare. The Australian government should provide the required resources to assist in the implementation of this suggestion. In addition, there should be strategies on suicide prevention. Most of the cases of suicide in the aboriginal communities occur before the age of 35 years, which means that many young people are the risk of this problem (Haggan, 2017). Conclusively, the National Close the Gap Day is an initiative designed to improve the lives of indigenous Australians in the community. How fits into unit overall and topic discussed or covered This news article relates to module 4 topic 2 that emphasises on applying a strengths approach as well as partnership model to close the gap. The article primarily talks about governments approach to closing the health inequality gap between the Aboriginal Australians and non-indigenous Australians. Various approaches have been put place but federal, state and territory governments to bridge the gap between the indigenous Australians and non-indigenous people. Training a substantial number of indigenous registered nurses is among the ways of closing the gap (West, Usher, Foster, 2010). Indigenous nurses have a unique set of skills that can be appropriate to improve the outcomes of the indigenous population. The Aboriginal doctors associations also assist to close the health gap between indigenous population and non-Aboriginal communities (OMara, 2009). This media item further relates to module 2 topic 2 which focuses on approaches of the Australian government in closing the gap for indigenous Australians. How media item contributes to the topic discussion or debate This news article advances the debate by outlining what the government has put in place to address the issue of racism and its effects on mental health as well as suicide. The collaboration between the government, indigenous leaders and healthcare provides an effective strategy. An analysis of the available literature reveals that the government is adopting ambitious policies approaches meant to promote health care access for indigenous Australians (Peiris, et al., 2012). This news article delivers a positive portrayal of the government in relation to the promotion of indigenous health. Personal reflection on the issue I think that the government can use the currently available data to design culturally suitable health programs for the indigenous Australians. There is a substantial rise in the quantity of indigenous health data (Reading Wien, 2009). Apart from using the available data, the government should also include aboriginal leaders and healthcare professionals in developing pertinent programs. In rural areas, healthcare professionals experience a challenge of working with many indigenous people (Wilson, Magarey, Jones, ODonnell Kelly, 2015). As a result, the government should consider employing more indigenous healthcare providers. Conclusion Conclusively, racism has had and continues to have immense, adverse and inordinate effects on the wellbeing, specifically mental health, of the indigenous Australians. Racism has also been linked to the high prevalence of suicide among the indigenous people. As discussed in this assignment, the media plays an important role in creating awareness of the social and health inequalities facing Aboriginal Australians. The media also shapes the public awareness about the programs, initiatives and approaches that have been put in place to address the health inequalities in Australia. The media also recommends some strategies that can be adopted to promote the health of indigenous people. References Australian Department of Health. (2017). Indigenous Australians Health Programme. Retrieved from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/indigenous-programme-lp Baba, J. T., Brolan, C. E., Hill, P. S. (2014). Aboriginal medical services cure more than illness: a qualitative study of how Indigenous services address the health impacts of discrimination in Brisbane communities. International journal for equity in health, 13(1), 56. doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-13-56 Chalmers, K. J., Bond, K. S., Jorm, A. F., Kelly, C. M., Kitchener, B. A., Williams-Tchen, A. J. (2014). Providing culturally appropriate mental health first aid to an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander adolescent: development of expert consensus guidelines. International journal of mental health systems, 8(1), 6. doi: 10.1186/1752-4458-8-6 Costello, E. J. (2016). Early detection and prevention of mental health problems: Developmental epidemiology and systems of support. Journal of Clinical Child Adolescent Psychology, 45(6), 710-717. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2016.1236728 Department of health. (2013). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander: origins, trends and incidence. Retrieved from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-natsisps-strat-toc~mental-natsisps-strat-1~mental-natsisps-strat-1-ab Durey, A., Thompson, S. C. (2012). Reducing the health disparities of management Australians: time to change focus. BMC Health Services Research, 12(1), 151. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-12-151 Fogarty, S. (2016). Suicide rate for young Indigenous men highest in world, Australian report finds. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-12/indigenous-youth-suicide-rate-highest-in-world-report-shows/7722112 Haggan, M. (2017). Closing the gap is vital. Retrieved from https://ajp.com.au/news/closing-gap-vital/ HealthInfoNet. (2017). Overview of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health status 2016. Retrieved from https://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/health-facts/overviews Islam, S., Fitzgerald, L. (2016). Indigenous obesity in the news: a media analysis of news representation of obesity in Australias Indigenous population. BMC obesity, 3(1), 30. doi: 10.1186/s40608-016-0109-1 Knibbs, L.D. Sly, P.D. (2014). Indigenous health and environmental risk factors: an Australian problem with global analogues. Global Health Action, 7(1), 10. doi: 10.3402/gha.v7.23766 NIT. (2017). Mental illness plagues young indigenous people: report. Retrieved from https://nit.com.au/mental-illness-plagues-young-indigenous-people-report/ OMara, P. (2009). Close the gap: Australian indigenous doctors association. Med J Aust, 190(10), 607. Retrieved from https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2009/190/10/close-gap-australian-indigenous-doctors-association Paradies, Y. (2016). Colonisation, racism and indigenous health. Journal of Population Research, 33(1), 83-96. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12546-016-9159-y Peiris, D., Brown, A., Howard, M., Rickards, B. A., Tonkin, A., Ring, I., ... Cass, A. (2012). Building better systems of care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: findings from the Kanyini health systems assessment.BMC Health Services Research,12(1), 369. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-12-369 Priest, N. C., Paradies, Y. C., Gunthorpe, W., Cairney, S. J., Sayers, S. M. (2011). Racism as a determinant of social and emotional wellbeing for Aboriginal Australian youth.The Medical journal of Australia,194(10), 546-550. Retrieved from https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2011/194/10/racism-determinant-social-and-emotional-wellbeing-aboriginal-australian-youth Reading, C. L., Wien, F. (2009).Health inequalities and the social determinants of Aboriginal peoples' health. Prince George, BC: National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health. Shepherd, C. C. J., Li, J. Zubrick, S. R. (2012). Social Gradients in the Health of Indigenous Australians. Am Journal Public Health, 102(1), 107-117. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300354 Soole, R., Klves, K., De Leo, D. (2014). Suicides in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children: marketing of Queensland Suicide Register. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 38(6), 574-578. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.12259 Thorpe. N., (2017). Government at all levels failing Australias first peoples, indigenous leaders. Retrieved from https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/nitv-news/article/2017/03/16/governments-all-levels-failing-australias-first-peoples-indigenous-leaders WAtoday. (2017). Abuse, neglect: Perth inquest hears tragic tales of indigenous youth suicides. 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The Role of Alexander Hamilton in Federal Governments in the United States of America

What is the most significant part of Hamilton’s argument in Federalist 70? Why does Hamilton argue in favour of a single executive? Are the comparisons Hamilton makes to the Roman warranted? Alexander Hamilton is considered as the founder of principles that govern Federal Governments in the United States of America and thus the true architect of the modern administrative state. Hamilton’s most significant argument in Federal 70 was the creation of a strong executive.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Alexander Hamilton in Federal Governments in the United States of America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hamilton in Federalist 70 believed that good governance could only be attained through an energetic and accountable executive. A critical look at Hamilton’s argument that was attached to the structure of government, administration and rule of law as well as policies is still releva nt in the contemporary United States of America. Hamilton expressed that a strong executive is a fundamental requirement for a nation’s economic prosperity, a view he held so dearly that he made political rivalry between him and people who held different views. It is imperative to note that during constitutional convention which was held in 1787, he advocated for a government in the form of an elected monarchy. This opinion was shot down by delegates in the convention. In spite of the defeat, he continued advocating for creation of a strong executive. Hamilton’s views of a strong executive were anchored on the failures of the confederation plan which aimed at over-devolution of government affairs. It was evident that a plan of devolution that gave states maximum discretion over the federal government was improper. This was because of difficulties in formulating and ratifying rules to govern the same which took years to come up with largely due to disagreements in bound aries and commerce. In order to support the views of Alexander Hamilton, failure among states to work under the terms of the Paris Treaty that ended the Revolutionary War made leaders to agree on making a strong government that would supervise affairs of the states. This agreement was reached after states started formulating their own independent foreign policies while other states fought on whom to control the western land. By 1787, it was evident that the devolution plan was not working and the solution to this would be formulating a strong federal government that would have executive powers over the states’ governments.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The quest for a strong executive was echoed by Alexander Hamilton and being the first treasury secretary, he planned and wrote reports on modalities of creating strong executive government. His reports included report on public credit, manufacturing and creation of a national banking system. Hamilton considered three basic principles in his views regarding the newly agitated public administration structure and strategy. Firstly, Hamilton considered independence, responsibility and power as key principles that would indeed play a role if a strong executive agenda would succeed and give good results. According to Hamilton, the laws that had been ratified by the congress posed limitations on the independence of the federal government. It was his wish that for the executive to be able to implement laws, it required independence and freedom. It was also evident that Hamilton in his later works (such as in Federalist71) showed that there was need for separation of powers between the executive and the legislature. In addition, he showed that it was important to vest adequate authority to the executive such as freedom to determine how best to implement and administer laws. Hamilton was strongly convinced that a weak government was bound to deliver poor results mainly due to bad policies. He also believed that there was much needed for a decisive organ that would drive policies on behalf of states’ governments. In addition, Hamilton held the view that it required a strong government to protect the people’s interest if they required to rule and be served at the same time. It is evident that the Federalist 70 (a book by Hamilton) was probably the first of its kind on the subject of public administration whose relevance was noted almost a century later. The book outlined what was entailed by â€Å"energy in the executive†. On the principle of power, Hamilton outlined that a strong executive required unity, and that there ought to have been a president as the leader of the government who should be in power for a definite duration of time. Also, he said that the president was supposed to be competent enough to be able understand and push policies for the good of the nation. The third principle of responsibility was aimed at keeping the executive government accountable so that it didn’t exhibit or exercise too much power. Hamilton suggested that for the executive to be accountable, it required Congress that would supervise it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Alexander Hamilton in Federal Governments in the United States of America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although Hamilton’s view on separation of powers between the legislature and executive was received well, he suggested that it could not be enough to vest all the authority to the Congress to check the executive. There was need for a stronger executive branch (Congress) that could have power to impeach even the president. There was strong need to check the executive so that it does not exercise too much power. Therefore, the proposed government would be responsible for its actions for the g ood of the citizen of the nation. In order to prove that his argument was the only way to push for the economic development agenda and a change from agrarian dependent economy to manufacturing, Hamilton in the capacity of treasury secretary was instrumental in the planning and creation of the First Bank of the United States of America which was government-supported. Hamilton’s view on a long term vision was that when an executive government is in place, it is possible to formulate policies that can change even the economic position of the nation. His vision of a manufacturing driven economy was that it would play a major role for America to engage in global commerce compared to an economy driven by agriculture. Hamilton’s strong support for a powerful government led by an executive leader was envisioned in the future of America in the sense that an economic transformation would only be possible when a strong executive was is in place to push the agenda forward. Hamilto n’s values for the administration of the United States of America can be summarized as a system that blends a strong executive (monarchy), a strong legislature (democratic) and an independent judicial system which has powers to overrule the will of the majority if liberty is destroyed (aristocracy). To enable this kind of system to flourish peacefully, there is need to balance them in such a way that none becomes more superior to the other or vise versa.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It was evident that Alexander Hamilton admired and also had passion for Rome. His envisioned America resembled what used to be the administration in Ancient Roman Republic. Rome portrayed a history whose greatness was achieved through trade and commerce. In addition, this history was established and strongly supported by military of elite. It is generally viewed that Rome’s administration was strategized to command and conquer. The empire in Rome was mandated to protect the interests of the people led by a central figure. This was the exact vision that Hamilton had for American administration. In his era, Caesar was referred to as a destroyer of republics and thus never enjoyed the admiration of many people. However, Hamilton admired him and referred to him as â€Å"the greatest villain and the founder†. As mentioned earlier, Humiliations view was to have an executive leader whose mandate was to give an informed leadership by pushing forward the policies that would mak e America great. The Roman Empire shared the same set up. Hamilton’s vision would be put into operation by employing policies and mechanism that would reduce poverty through funding and assumption or through empowering the rich and employing mechanisms of expanding trade throughout the world. The latter would be put in place while still enforcing domestic fiscal authority. This strategy would be possible if a strong executive was put in place to push for these agendas. Hamilton’s vision encompassed a strong government’s quest to empower members of the political elite that would transform the administration from within. To date, America’s administration reflects the foundation that was laid by the founder of modern administration, Alexander Hamilton. His argument regarding the Roman Republic and his admiration of the system of administration in Rome are indeed warranted. Hamilton participated in the enactment of some of his proposals in the constitution th at changed the administration of the United States. Therefore, he can be rightfully referred to as the founder of modern administration in the United States of America. This essay on The Role of Alexander Hamilton in Federal Governments in the United States of America was written and submitted by user Aaden Combs to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Edict of Nantes essays

The Edict of Nantes essays Here in America most Americans aren't very aware of the freedom that has been bestowed upon us. Thousands of men, women, and children died in various wars over the years to protect our basic rights: Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness. As for myself I know I take that freedom for granted and I know many others have also. If we believe in one God or six gods, it doesn't matter here in America. You won't be killed for your religious beliefs unless you're some crazy activist. Up until the late 1500's that was the case. If you did not follow the religious beliefs of the King or the Lord of the land you were killed or exiled from the land. In 1598 King Henry IV passed the Edict of Nantes granting religious freedom to the commoners, also known as Huguenots. Henry IV (1589-161O) was the Protestant king of Navarre who led the Huguenot cause during the French wars of religion. His grandmother was Marguerite de Navarre and his mother Jeanne d'Albret, both educated and remarkably talented women. Henry achieved the French throne through a series of accidents, the last of which was the assassination of Henry III in 1589. It was clear that no Protestant could ever command the allegiance of the mass of French people or peaceful rule in the Catholic capital of Paris. Henry converted to Catholicism, defeated his enemies, and ended the long years of religious warfare. The Edict of Nantes was the compromise settlement that granted limited toleration for the Huguenots. It was a landmark in the history of religious toleration, though its main features were watered down under Louis Xlll. The Edict was finally rescinded under Louis XIII in 1685. The Edict of Nantes ended the series of religious wars between Catholics and Protestants that ravaged France from 1562 to 1598. During these wars, several ineffective treaties were concluded, embodying privileges for the Huguenots. These "French wars of religion" pitted Calvini ...

Personality- VALS SURVEY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personality- VALS SURVEY - Essay Example Even if a fail in certain attempts, I do not give up and think that I cannot achieve a particular goal and instead I continuously try different methods to attain that goal (Lynch, 2007). The survey even depicted that that I even belong to the category of experiencers. This is quite true about me because I am quite enthusiastic about different things and I am always ready to experience new things (Hawknis, 2011). For example: if a project is being assigned to me during the class, I will become quite enthusiastic and I will start asking questions to the instructor and indulge in developing a group for the project. I will even start exploring possible different ways to work on the project and obtain input from other team members regarding the project. Team members come up with different ideas that I am not aware of, but I am always ready to test those ideas and identify the costs and benefits associated with those ideas. But the problem is that I tend to get tired or bored with new things quite easily and I have witnessed that in my consumption patterns (Applegate, 2007). For example: while buying a new LED TV I was very enthusiastic about it and I believed that I will use it to view too many movies. But after only two months, I became bored of it and I quite rarely view movies on

Suicide of Megan Meier Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Suicide of Megan Meier - Research Paper Example It was on October 15, 2006 that Megan Meier received really unexpected and harsh messages from her boyfriend Josh, who ended the conversation by saying that â€Å"The world would be a better place without you†. Megan had been talking to Josh for quite some while. They met on MySpace and Megan instantly fell for this person, who surprisingly enough, did not have a cell phone or landline and had just moved into town. She loved talking to such a handsome boy as she had faced problems of obesity, depression and attention deficit disorder but this friendship was really boosting her self-esteem, something, which promoted her mother from allowing her daughter to spend her time on MySpace (Long, p. 28). When this relationship boosted, her self-esteem, those messages and then subsequent leakage of those messages to her friends, lowered her self-esteem to such a point where she decided to take her life by hanging herself. In the aftermath of events, it became apparent that â€Å"Josh† was the mother of a former female friend of Megan and that this family only lived four blocks away from Megan. A few months back, Megan and her friend had a quarrel and Lori Drew, her mother, decided to teach Megan a lesson by adding her through a fake MySpace profile (Tokunaga, p. 277). In the aftermath of Megan’s suicide, cyber bullying emerged as a serious issue and educational institutions, parents, teachers and even the law enforcement agencies felt the need to play their part in ensuring that such sad news does not come into the limelight ever again. However, naturally, many people felt disgusted and sickened at the actions of Lori Drew called that she should be prosecuted for her actions. The same led to a nation-wide debate on whether or not Lori Drew’s actions deserved prosecution. Many people shocked and perplexed by the actions of Lori began to raise their voice for Lori Drew prosecution. On the other hand, several critics began to question such demands and raised their concern that such calls would lead the nation to a slippery slope. According to its definition, prosecution refers to the process of a government attorney getting involved, charging, and trying the case against the accused. This paper is an attempt to explore and analyze the s ame question mentioned above. Discussion For charging someone with a particular crime, misdemeanor, felony, or offense, it is imperative that the court should find that person guilt of those actions. Furthermore, in case of serious crimes and convictions, people cannot be convicted in the absence of malice aforethought. This is the reason why people with mental illness, children, and minors do not receive strict punishments even for the most serious crimes since they are less likely to have malice aforethought and more likely not to understand or foresee the consequences of this action. The first and the foremost argument in favor of Lori Drew’s conviction or prosecution is that she, being an adult and mother or a daughter of the age of Megan, knew and understood the full weight of her decisions and went onto to bully and torture a young girl (Brenner & Megan, p. 15). The problem with cyber bullies is that in most occasions, it is almost impossible to prove that they foresaw or understood the implications or consequences of their actions. For example, in the case of Megan Meier, the cyber bully could only be prosecuted for bullying and could not be blamed for suicide. Nevertheless, the fact is that in this case, the cyber bully, the mom of Megan’s former friend, knew all about the consequences of her actions. That woman was well aware of the fact that Megan suffers from low self-esteem due to her previous obesity and has a history of depression (Bhat, p. 53). Furthermore, she also suffers from attention deficit disorder. That woman was well aware of all these facts and it would be apparent, even to a nonprofessional that any attempt at pushing the back of this girl against the wall

Book Report on Roy Black Black's Law (NewY ork Touchtone, 1999) Essay

Book Report on Roy Black Black's Law (NewY ork Touchtone, 1999) - Essay Example In the book we read about Miami police officer Luis Alvarez, who lethally shot a twenty year old black man inside a video arcade, instigating three days of rioting that left two people dead. Roy Black got him off. Then there is Fred De La Mata & Steve Hicks. Hicks shot his girlfriend to death, leaving her body in a car in a bank parking lot and then he lied to police four times before claiming it was an accident. Even after all that Roy Black got him off. There is also the case of Thomas Knight, who can aptly be described as our worst nightmare come together. Roy Black got his death sentence vacated. The Alvarez case is the best one in Black's Law, not every story turns out to be a cliff-hanger, but for the most part the book proves a compelling read and probably just as compelling as he is in the courtroom. Black's definitely a better lawyer than an author, but he's truly not a novice in the literary world, either. Black begins the Alvarez story with a touch of a thriller, as he was driving along Interstate 95 on the night of the shooting, when he zoomed past the area where people were rioting. "Too close for comfort," he writes. Roy's job as a defense lawyer can most simply put entail offering a plausible scenario, and he does it brilliantly. He manages to get the jury he wants for the Alvarez trial by asking potential jurors if they had ever faced death. Another interesting aspect is Roy's intense grilling of the detective who took Alvarez's statement after the shooting which turns out to be a turning point in the case. Nevertheless the most dramatic moment is when Alvarez himself takes the stand. The cases of Fred De La Mata and Steve Hicks are less earth-shattering but have their own entertainment value. Black defended De La Mata, a banker accused of money laundering by individually grilling all witnesses against him who as it turns out had ample reason to lie. Hicks on the other hand was a bartender accused of murdering his girlfriend, Betsy Turner. The state thought they had a strong case because after the shooting, Hicks drove the dying Turner to a bank and left her there, then called the police to report her missing. Black argued that the shooting itself was an accident and that Hicks hade panicked. It is in the case that we realize that one of Roy's many gifts is his ability to explain the unexplainable, to make jurors believe anything. Then finally there is the story of Thomas Knight, who kidnapped his boss and his wife after which he forced them to withdraw $50,000 in cash from their bank, after which he drove them to a field and shot them both in the back of the neck. Knight was on death row a few days from execution when Black took over his case. Still, the story is worthless not purely because Knight is an unsympathetic character but because the appeals court vacated the death sentence for reasons that had little to do with Black's argument. Black should have found a more interesting story to wrap up his book. The book paints a realistic picture of the life of a criminal defense attorney. Each case starts off with basic info on the client and ends with a review of the defendant's present position. The book is well written but more then once Black portrays his

Economics Questions and Answers on Resources and Profit

Economics Questions and Answers on Resources and Profit Assignment Questions: Question 1: The removal of imperfections in the market leads to an increase in efficiency in the allocation of resources. Discuss whether you agree with this view (25 marks) Question 2: Explain what is meant by normal and abnormal profit and when such profits might occur (12 marks) Discuss the three reasons as to why people demand money, according to the liquidity preference theory (13 marks) Table of Contents (Jump to) Question 1: A. Allocative Efficiency and Perfectly Competitive Market B. Allocative Efficiency and Monopoly Question 2 (a): A. Perfect Competition B. Monopoly C. Monopolistic Competition Question 2 (b) A. Transaction Motive B. Precautionary Motive C. Speculative Motive Referencing List of Figures (Jump to) Figure 1: Pure Competition MSC MSB Curves Figure 2: Consumer Surplus Producer Surplus Figure 3: The short run and long run in perfect competition Figure 4: The short run and long run monopoly market Figure 5: The short run and long run monopolistic competition Figure 6: Money Demand Curves (liquidity preference theory) Question 1: The removal of imperfections in the market leads to an increase in efficiency in the allocation of resources. Discuss whether you agree with this view (25 marks) A. Allocative Efficiency and Perfectly Competitive Market Allocative Efficiency occurs when it is not possible to reallocate resources in order to make someone better off without making at least another person worse off. It arises where: Marginal Social Cost (MSC) = Marginal Social Benefit (MSB). The MSC refers any extra cost to society of producing one more unit of output. The law of diminishing returns implies that MSC will be upward sloping. On the other hand, the MSB is any extra benefit to society of producing one more unit of output. The law of diminishing marginal utility implies that MSB will be downward sloping. For example: If the 20th unit of output is produced, then it costs the society $10, but yields a benefit of $20. Thus, the society’s welfare increases by $10 (i.e. MSB – MSC). Since MSB is greater than MSC, people is better off. On the contrary, it is not in the society’s interest to produce the 40th unit. In perfect competition, both consumer surplus and producer surplus is maximised (as illustrated by figure 1), where the price is equal to the marginal cost. The consumer surplus is the total net benefit enjoyed by all consumers buying the product. For instance, a consumer paying $20 for a product whose market price is $15; thus enjoying the benefit of $5 ($20 $15 = $5). Producer surplus is the difference between the market price the producer receives and the marginal cost of producing this unit. Demand curves measure the maximum price that consumers are willing to pay for a given quantity of a good. Hence, the demand curve is a measure of marginal benefit (or marginal utility) to the consumer. Therefore, in absence of externalities, MSB = D = P. In perfectly competitive market, the supply curve is a measure of the marginal cost in the industry. In the absence of externalities, MSC = S = MC. Therefore, an efficient allocation of resources under perfect competition happens when price equals to marginal cost, i.e. P = MC, in the short and long run. B. Allocative Efficiency and Monopoly Monopoly market structure is one of the major sources of market imperfections. A monopoly is having one firm producing and selling a product with the existence of barriers to entry. A monopolist is a price taker. The monopolist can set the price or the output, but not both. They can even earn abnormal profits at the expense of efficiency and welfare of consumer and society. Since price is higher than marginal cost, this will lead to a loss of allocative efficiency and a failure of the market. In fact, the monopolist is extracting a price from consumer that is higher than the cost of resources required. Thus, at price Pm, the monopolist is charging a higher price and restricting output to Qm, whereby capturing a portion of the consumer surplus. Under monopoly, there is a portion (triangle ABC) where both the consumer surplus and producer surplus are recovered. This is known as â€Å"deadweight loss†. Figure 2: Consumer Surplus Producer Surplus Imperfections in the market leads to misallocation and underutilisation of resources and reduction in consumer surplus since price is greater than marginal cost, i.e. P > MC. But imperfections in market do have some benefits such as: Monopolist are supplying products on a very large scale, thus they may be in a better place to exploit increasing returns to scale leading to a fall in average total costs of production. This reduction in costs will lead to an increase in monopoly profits, but some gains in productive efficiency may pass onto consumer in the form of lower prices. Earning abnormal profits in the long run may lead to faster rate of technological development thereby reducing costs and producing of better quality. Supernormal profits may be used to invest in research and development programmes that have the potential to bring dynamic efficiency gains to consumers in the markets. Question 2 (a): Explain what is meant by normal and abnormal profit and when such profits might occur? (12 marks) Normal profit is the minimum level of profit that a company needs to remain competitive in the market. If firms in an industry are making normal profit, then there is no reasons for them to leave or for other firms to join the industry. Normal profit occurs when revenue equals cost. Abnormal profit (or super normal profit) is profit in excess of normal profit. If firms in an industry are making abnormal profit, then there is a reason for other firms to join the industry if they can. Abnormal profit occurs when the revenue is greater than the costs. A. Perfect Competition In the short run, firms can make abnormal profits or losses, whereas they can only make normal profits in the long run, as illustrated below: Figure 3: The short run and long run in perfect competition B. Monopoly Monopolies can earn abnormal profits in the short run and in the long run due to the existence of strong barriers to entry. Figure 4: The short run and long run monopoly market C. Monopolistic Competition Monopolistic competition involves many sellers with differentiated products, e.g. shoe producers or restaurants. In the short run, firms can make abnormal profit whereas in the long run, other firms will be attracted by the abnormal profits causing firms’ demand to fall until only normal profits are made. Figure 5: The short run and long run monopolistic competition As a conclusion, if firms are making abnormal profits, other firms will be attracted by such profit, and will try to enter that particular market to reap some of that profits. As a result, firms in perfectly competitive market and monopolistic competitive market will enjoy normal profit with the entrance of new firms in the long run. On the other hand, firms in monopoly market will enjoy abnormal profits both in the short run and in the long run due to the existence of strong barriers to entry. Question 2 (b) Discuss the three reasons as to why people demand money, according to the liquidity preference theory (13 marks) According to Keynes’ Liquidity Preference theory, people demand moneyand hold their wealth in monetary form because of the following three main reasons: A. Transaction Motive Day-to-day transactions are performed by both individuals and firms. An individual person holds cash in order to meet his/her daily expenditures. Business holds cash to meet its current needs such as payments of raw materials, etc†¦ Therefore, we can say that money needed by consumers, businessmen and others, is known as the demand for money for transactions motive. This demand depends upon the following: Size of the income: If income is high, more will be available for daily transactions and vice versa. Time gap between receipts of income: If a person gets his pay daily, he/she will demand less cash and vice versa. Spending habit: If a person is spent a lot, he/she will do more transactions and thus will demand more money. B. Precautionary Motive Precautionary motive for holding money refers to the desire to hold cash for unforeseen contingencies such as illness, accidents, unemployment, etc Business keeps cash reserve to safeguard their future. This type of demand for liquidity is called demand for precautionary motive. This demand depends upon many factors: Size of the income: If a person earns a high income, he/she will demand more money for safeguarding his future. Nature of the person: Some persons are optimistic, i.e. they anticipate less of future risk and danger, and hence they will demand less money for precautionary motive. On the other hand, pessimistic persons foresee dangers, calamities, and emergencies in the future, and hence, they want to have more cash with them. Farsightedness: They are persons who can proper guess of the future, and thus they will keep more money (in cash) with then in case of more emergencies expectation and vice versa. C. Speculative Motive The speculative motive relates to the desire to hold cash and take advantage of future changes in the rate of interest or bond prices. For instance, if the price of bond is expected to rise, meaning the rate of interest is expected to fall, then people will buy bonds and sell later when the price rises, and vice versa. According to Keynes, â€Å"the higher the rate of interest, the lower the speculative demand for money and vice versa†. Figure 6: Money Demand Curves (liquidity preference theory) Keynes hold that the transaction and precautionary motives are completely interest inelastic, whereas the speculative demand for money is a smooth curve which slopes downward from left to right, as illustrated in above figure. References GILLESPIE, A (2001) Advanced Economics through Diagrams. [Online] 2nd Ed.  UK: Oxford University Press. Available from: https://books.google.mu/books?id=vR-cjX2e-bkCpg=PA33dq=normal+and+abnormal+profithl=ensa=Xei=Wi4EVfKiCcH5UISKhLAIved=0CBMQ6AEwAA#v=onepageqf=false  [Accessed: 14th March 2015] ECONOMICS ONLINE (2015) Barriers to entry [Online] Available from:  http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Business_economics/Barriers_to_entry.html  [Accessed: 14th March 2015] ECONOMICS.HELP (2012) Barriers to entry [Online] Available from:  http://www.economicshelp.org/microessays/markets/barriers-entry/  [Accessed: 14th March 2015] GOVT. T.ROMANA COLLEGE Keynes’ Liquidity Preference Theory of Interest [Online] Available from: http://www.trcollege.net/study-material/24-economics/40-keynes-liquidity-preference-theory-of-interest [Accessed: 17th March 2015] INVESTOPEDIA (2015) Liquidity Preference Theory [Online] Available from:  http://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquiditypreference.asp [Accessed: 17th March 2015] ECONOMICS ONLINE (2015) Money and Monetary theory [Online] Available from:  http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Global_economics/Money_and_monetary_theory.html [Accessed: 17th March 2015] TUTORS2U.COM Liquidity Preference Theory [Online] Available from:  http://www.tutors2u.com/rte/File/Economics/LIQUIDITY PREFERENCE THEORY.pdf [Accessed: 17th March 2015] MOSCHANDREAS Maria (2000), Business Economics.  Cengage Learning EMEA HOAG, Arleen J. and HOAG John H. (2006) Introductory Economics [Online]  World Scientific. Available from: https://books.google.mu/books?id=-2AcaoqC-28Cdq=efficient+allocation+of+resources+in+perfect+competition+market+and+monopolysource=gbs_navlinks_s  [Accessed: 1st April 2015] SEXTON Robert (2015) Exploring Economics [Online] 7th Ed.  Cengage Learning. Available from: https://books.google.mu/books?id=YDdBBAAAQBAJdq=efficient+allocation+of+resources+in+perfect+marketsource=gbs_navlinks_s  [Accessed: 1st April 2015] MANKIW N. (2014) Principles of Economics [Online] 7th Ed.  Cengage Learning. Available from: https://books.google.mu/books?id=K-jKAgAAQBAJdq=efficient+allocation+of+resources+in+perfect+marketsource=gbs_navlinks_s [Accessed: 1st April 2015] BAUMOL W. and BLINDER A. (2015) Microeconomics: Principles and Policy [Online] 13th Ed. Cengage Learning. Available from: https://books.google.mu/books?id=XwW0BAAAQBAJdq=efficient+allocation+of+resources+in+monopolysource=gbs_navlinks_s  [Accessed: 1st April 2015] TUTORS ON NET (2007-2014) Resource Allocation under Monopoly [Online]. Available from: http://www.tutorsonnet.com/monopoly-resource-allocation-homework-help.php  [Accessed: 1st April 2015] BYU IDAHO Economic Principles and Problems – Micro [Online]  Available from: https://courses.byui.edu/econ_150/econ_150_old_site/lesson_08.htm  [Accessed: 1st April 2015] KIRZNER Israel M. (2007) Market Theory and the Price System [Online]  Ludwig von Mises Institute. Available from: https://books.google.mu/books?id=h68AKS010W0Cdq=efficient+allocation+of+resources+in+monopolysource=gbs_navlinks_s [Accessed: 1st April 2015] OHRI VK and JAIN TR, Principles of Microeconomics [Online]  FK Publications. 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Available from: https://books.google.mu/books?id=cV0EZuJxod8Cdq=efficient+allocation+of+resources+in+perfect+competition+market+and+monopolysource=gbs_navlinks_s  [Accessed: 1st April 2015]  MISSOURISTATE.EDU Monopoly and Perfect Competition Compared [Online] Available from: http://courses.missouristate.edu/ReedOlsen/courses/eco165/Notes/pc-m.htm  [Accessed: 1st April 2015] ECONOMICS.HELP (2012) Diagram of Monopoly [Online] Available from: http://www.economicshelp.org/microessays/markets/monopoly-diagram/  [Accessed: 2nd April 2015] TUTOR2U Potential benefits from monopoly [Online] Available from: http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/monopoly/benefits_of_monopoly.htm  [Accessed: 2nd April 2015] ECONOMICS.HELP (2012) Advantages of Monopoly [Online] Available from: http://www.economicshelp.org/microessays/markets/advantages-monopoly/  [Accessed: 2nd April 2015] TUTOR2U (2004) Perfect Competition [Online] Available from: http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/revision_focus_2004/A2_Perfect_Competition.pdf  [Accessed: 2nd April 2015] TRIPLE A LEARNING Efficient Allocation of resources [Online] Available from: http://www.sanandres.esc.edu.ar/secondary/economics packs/microeconomics/page_117.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2015] TUTOR2U (2012) Perfect Competition – Economics of Competitive Markets [Online] Available from: http://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/a2-micro-perfect-competition.html [Accessed: 2nd April 2015] TUTOR2U (2012) Monopoly Economic Efficiency [Online] Available from: http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/a2-micro-monopoly-economic-efficiency.html [Accessed: 2nd April 2015] YOUR ARTICLE LIBRARY.COM (2015) Resource Allocation: it’s Meaning, Monopolistic, Oligopoly Competition and Resource Allocation [Online]. 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Neurological Effects of Fos B Gene on Behavior of Mice Essay -- Biolog

The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of the fos B gene and it's neurological effects on the behavior of mice through the analysis of "A Defect in Nurturing in Mice Lacking the Immediate Early Gene fos B" appearing in the July 26 issue of Cell. Through various chemical and behavioral tests it is found that fos B mothers demonstrate an inability to nurture their young. It was shown that the lack of expression of the fos B gene in certain areas of the brain was the probable cause of the lack of the nurturing response in the mutant mice. Background Immediate Early Genes (IEGs) When the central nervous system of an organism receives a stimulus, such as light, visual images, odors, etc., programs of gene expression are initiated. This expression of genes can start within minutes of receipt of the stimulus, and last for many hours in certain parts of the brain. The very first genes to be expressed are called the Immediate Early Genes. These genes can be transcribed almost immediately without the formation of new proteins. fos B: A Member of the fos Family The fos B gene belongs to a group of genes known as the fos family. The fos family has four members: c-fos, fos B, fra-1, and fra-2. The members of the fos family work in conjunction with a group called the Jun family. The protein that is produced as a result of fos gene expression can be dimerized with Jun prodeits utilizing a leucine zipper domain. This unit then binds to a certain region of DNA. The fos family of genes are expressed during a variety of adaptive neural responses. It has been found that fos related proteins are activated in areas of the nervous system that are needed for nurturing behavior. Creating a fos B lacking Population In or... ...e results of these tests point to a defect in a region of the brain that is specific for nuturing. So, areas of the brain were fos B was expressed were analyzed. It was seen that the fos B gene was expressed in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus and in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs, as well as the pyriform cortex. All of these areas have been shown, in previous studies, to be related to the nuturing response. As a result, the lack of expression of the fos B gene is directly related to the lack of nuturing behavior in mutants, probably due to a lack of gene expression in one, or more of these areas. Bibliography 1. Brown, J.R., Ye, H., Bronson, R. T., Dikkes, P., Greenberg, M. E. "A Defect in Nurturing in Mice Lacking the Immediate Early Gene fosB." Cell 86 (1996): 297 - 309. 2. Cohen, John. "Does Nature Drive Nurture?" Science 273 (1996): 577

The Effect of Deforestation to Human Lives

Deforestation is increasing as a global concern. In recent years deforestation has risen to dangerous levels. This reason is mainly due to the fact that most people have no idea what deforestation is. This lack of education has caused many changes in the global economy. The concerns no longer center on deforestation but in the effects it will have in our environment in the future. This issue has sparked national attention. It has caused a chain of recent plans and policies to be introduced. Also it has brought us together as a nation to fight a common problem. Deforestation is the clearing the land of forest or trees. Many people do not even know that this problem exists, although it may be occurring right in their own neighborhoods. The causes of deforestation are broad. It used to be thought that the lumber industry was much to blame, when in fact the industry is very low. Most of the land was used for various other reasons such as building and agricultural expansion. The land is used for growing crops and livestock grazing. In many cases the ?  §Slash and Burn? method is used. This is where the farmers cut down and burn forests to get to the land that is feasible for farming. Most of the tropical soils are very poor in nutrients and can only support crops for a few years. When the soil has been exhausted it is either abandoned or turned over for livestock grazing. The effects of deforestation on the environment are numerous. The reduction of forests upsets the entire ecological cycle. The forests are home to a number of plants and animals. When a forest is cut down, the whole cycle suffers. Most of all the forests act as a carbon ?  §sink?. That is they help to take in carbon, a green house gas, and offset its effect on the atmosphere. Also trees and plants on a forest can help to supply an alternative source of fossil fuels. Tree planting is also good for urban development. They help with heating and cooling costs to be lowered. There is evidence from the UN sponsored Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) that came out in 1990. This organization records the change of climate control and has the best of these fields working for it. It predicted that if our economy keeps releasing emissions as we are that our annual temperature would increase at 0. degrees per decade over the next century. This is beyond what the earth has experienced over the past 10,000 years? (Muller Introduction). We currently are increasing at a rate of 0. 5 percent per year. To get these levels back to normal we would have to have a cut in emissions by over 60%worldwide. The greatest producer of these carbon gases is the burning of fossil fuels. ? § With just 5% of the worlds population, the United States currently accounts for 20%of both total warming commitment and carbon dioxide emissions? (Muller Intro. ). Congressional concern over ways to reduce deforestation has grown. They center mostly on developing countries where the deforestation is most rapid. Many new plans and programs are being introduced to help aid with the issue. The major organizations working on deforestation are: the Tropical Forestry action Program, the International Tropical Timber organization, the United Nations Conference on Environmental and Developmental Forest Principles and Agenda 21 chapter on forests, the U. S. Forests For the Future Initiative, and the World Bank. Some of these are centered strictly in tropical deforestation. The Tropical Forestry Action Program (TFAP) was started in June of 1985. Its purpose was to slow down the tropical deforestation and help countries develop plans to help with their management of such issues. It was a correlation of the World Resources Institute, the World Bank, the United Nations Developmental Program and work by the UN Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). The program is developed to help aid tropical countries in the reduction of deforestation. Currently 90 developing countries are participating-38 African countries, 20 in Asia and the Pacific, and 32 in Latin America and the Caribbean. (Fletcher, Lyke 6) The objectives of the plan are as follows. They plan center on five major issues in tropical countries. These were defined by the 1987 TFAP. „h Forrest in land uses. Action is this area is at the interface between forestry and agriculture and would aim at integrating forestry into agricultural systems in order to conserve the resource base for agriculture, and, in general, achieve a more rational use of the land. h Forest based Industrial Development. Planning in this area would promote appropriate forest-based industries, reduce waste, and develop the marketing if forest industry products. Fuelwood and energy. Action in this area would aim at restoring fuelwood supplies in the countries affected by shortages through foreign assistance and support for national fuelwood and wood energy programs, development of wood-based energy systems for rural and industrial development, regional training and demonstration, and intensification of research and development. h Conservation of tropical forestry ecosystems. Action planned in this area would aim at conserving, managing and utilizing tropical plants and wild animal genetic resources through the development of national networks of protected areas, the planning, management and development of individual protected areas, and research into the management of tropical forests for sustainable production. „h Institutions. Goals would be actions to remove the institutional constraints impeding the conservation and wise use of tropical forest resources by strengthening public forest administration and related governmental agencies, to integrate forestry concerns into developmental planning, providing institutional support for private and local organizations developing professional, technical and vocational training, and to improve extension and research. (Fletcher, Lyke 6-7) The funding for the project is provided by governmental and private sources. It plans on spending roughly eight billion dollars over the next five years (1985-1991). It would be divided among the five areas just mentioned. There have been numerous criticisms about the plan. Mostly it has been that it is on the fact that it is concentrating mostly on the deforestation factor and failing to recognize other environmental issues. It has been said to isolate groups of people. Also, they fail to get to the real source of deforestation, which to some, are things such as over population and poverty. They say that it doesn? t give any incentives or sanctions. Although this centers more on the tropical regions, there are also many other plans to help out in our areas. The easiest way to combat deforestation is through reforestation. This is, planting new trees. This does not mean just going out and planting seeds, but actually planting grown trees. There needs to be educated environmentalist who know what they are doing to plant these trees. We can not just go and place them anywhere and expect then to work to their potential. They need to be strategically placed in areas where they can work the best that they can. This is not to say that everyday people can? t help. We can definitely all try. By planting a tree we can do our best, while making the world a more beautiful place. Deforestation is an increasing global concern. In recent years it has risen to dangerous levels. This is due to the fact that many people do not even know what it is. This lack of education has caused the problem to get to intense levels before there has been any plans to reverse its effects. Its effects are effecting the whole ecological cycle, and if not dealt with could lead to an ecological disaster. Although there are many companies out there to try and solve this problem, many people have a common misconception. They believe that we could all just plant trees, and save the world. Although tree planting would be great that is not true. There needs to be the right trees planted in the right areas, where they can work to their highest potential as carbon sinks. This way they can help to reduce carbon in the atmosphere, while looking beautiful. Wouldn? t it be nice if we could just have a world with normal carbon levels covered with beautiful trees? Personally I would rather look at a beautiful oak or maple rather than a cloud of smog. So, in conclusion, we can all try to help, plant a tree.

One-World Government essays

One-World Government essays A one-world government consists of many elements and may be defined as an all-powerful "beast" that cannot be contained. This government, in theory, would rule over every person and control his or her thoughts and actions. Structurally, there would be the one ultimate power-holder, also known as the Antichrist to many people who believe this one-world government will occur. There are many elements and aspects that make up this theoretical government, and they all tie into one. Elements such as religious theories and perspectives, secret societies, economic globalization, and even the United Nations and its questionable intentions, all connect with each other to form the one-world government. First, religious theories come directly from the Bible and its verses. People believe that what is written in this holy book tells the future and pertains directly to the coming of the Antichrist, and therefore to a one-world government. "These are of one mind, and they will give their power and authority to the beast" (Rev. 17:12, 13). This verse from the Bible refers to the ten kings who are said to receive all power and give it to the Antichrist. This type of religious perspective plays a major role in people's belief in the one-world government. It allows those very people to spread their word about Christ, and they emphasize that everyone must hurry to accept Him so that they will not burn in eternity with the "beast" as their ruler. It is possible for the Bible to pertain to any situation; people seem to love to imagine the worst, and so they believe and spread their word about the one-world government. Second, secret societies push along the spreading of the idea with tremendous force. They focus in on certain aspects of the one-world government and make assumptions and accusations as to why situations arise the way they do. For example, an elitist group called the Illuminati has great power. It control ...

Beck Manufacturing and Plant Capacity

Beck Manufacturing and Plant Capacity Capacity planning is an important component in the operations of all contemporary organizations. It enables them to cater for the needs of the customer by avoiding shortages. The measure of capacity required to meet the future demands of a certain company has to be calculated using the resources at the disposal of the institution.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Beck Manufacturing and Plant Capacity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is important to note that the estimates do not reflect the exact figures required. However, they help the management to avert any acute shortages that may occur in the future (Vonderembse White, 2013). Ratios are used in capacity planning. For example, operating ratios are used by many managers to estimate the capacity required after a specific duration of time. In this paper, a case study of Beck Manufacturing is analyzed. In the paper, the author computes the capacity of ind ividual equipment centers. In addition, the capacity of the system is determined. In addition, an analysis is provided with regards to where the focus of the company should lie if Beck wants to increase the capacity of the firm. The additional capacity that can be achieved without bottlenecks is also highlighted. Finally, the author recommends strategies through which capacity can be increased without necessarily having to acquire additional equipment. Determining the Capacity Machines and Systems Beck Company has many machines working on different operations. Each of them has a specific role to carry out in the functioning of the entire organization (Koc Ceylan, 2007). To determine output and relate it to demand in the market, it is important to calculate the capacity of these machines. It is important to note that calculating the capacity of each machine has to take into consideration the four operations of the organization (Vonderembse White, 2013).Advertising Looking f or research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Capacity of the Machine Centers Number of hours = two- 8 hours shift= 64 hours Run time per minute= 2 Number of machines =5 Reject rate= 3% Capacity of each milling machine= (2*60 hour/day) * (64+0-0 hours/day) * (1-0.02) = 7526.4/5 number of machines =1505.28. The capacity for each milling machine is 1505.28/ hour The capacity for grinding machines Number of hours = 64 hours Run time per minute = 3Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Beck Manufacturing and Plant Capacity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Number of machines= 7 Reject rate = 5% Capacity of each grinding machine (3*60 hour/day) * (64+0-0 hours/days) * (1-0.05) = 10944/ 7 number of machines = 1563.43/ hour Capacity of boring machines Number of hours = 64 Run time per minute = 1 Number of machines = 3 Reject rate = 2 p ercentAdvertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Capacity of each boring machine = (1*60 hours/day) * (64+0-0 hours/day) * (1-0.02) = 3763.2/3 number of machines = 1254.4 /hour Capacity of drilling machines Number of hours = 64 hours Run time per minute = 2.5 Number of machines = 6 Reject rate = 7 percent Capacity of each drilling machine = (2.5*60 hours/day) * (64+0-0 hours/day) * (1-0.07) = 9896.91/ 6 number of machines = 1649.48 /hour Capacity of the System The system’s capacity is a function of the operations presented. Beck manufacturing plant has a total of four operations. The system capacity will be based on these functions. System capacity = 1505.28+ 1563.43+ 1254.4+ 1649.48 = 5972.59/4 number of operations = 1493.1475 System capacity = 1493. 1475/ hour Recommended Focus of the Company in order to Expand Capacity Expanding the capacity of the manufacturing company can be achieved through various strategies. One of them entails increasing the number of machines. It is noted that the operations that are determined or constrained by machines cannot impact on the capacity of the plant if the number of people is increased. New machines are more efficient than old equipment (Koc Ceylan, 2007). Beck, the manager of the company, can double the capacity of the current production if he chooses to increase the number of machines. The two-fold increase in capacity can be achieved if the manager doubles the current number of machines. For example, if he chooses to have five new milling machines, he will increase the number to 10. The current productivity will be doubled in the process. Consequently, the capacity of the company will rise. Increasing Capacity While Avoiding Bottlenecks Enhancing the capacity of operations is associated with a number of challenges. They include increased operational costs and the need to retrain employees (Somers Nelson, 2003). As already indicated above, Beck can double the capacity of the company. However, he should avoid causing a bottleneck in one operation in the proc ess of increasing capacity. The manager can achieve this by ensuring that the increase in the number of machines is done uniformly in all operations. Expanding the Capacity without Purchasing New Equipment The proposed method of expanding the capacity of the company requires the company to purchase new equipment. The acquisition process increases costs of production for the company (Stevenson Sum, 2010). However, it is possible to increase the capacity without necessarily having to buy new machines. Beck can achieve this by repairing the old machines to increase their efficiency. The reject time in the old equipment may be brought about by wear and tear (Somers Nelson, 2003). Repairing them will help in increasing efficiency. Consequently, the capacity of the manufacturing company will be expanded without the need to purchase new machines. References Koc, T., Ceylan, C. (2007). Factors impacting innovative capacity in large-scale companies. Technovation, 27(3), 105-114. Somers, T ., Nelson, K. (2003). The impact of strategy and integration mechanisms on enterprise system value: Empirical evidence from manufacturing firms. European Journal of Operational Research, 146(2), 315-338. Stevenson, W., Sum, C. (2010). Operations management: An Asian perspective. Singapore: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Vonderembse, M., White, G. (2013). Operations management: Concepts, methods, and strategies. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

Effectiveness Of E-Learning Tools In Organisations Dissertation

Effectiveness Of E-Learning Tools In Organisations - Dissertation Example The purpose of the study is not to examine the psychological factors pertaining to a like/dislike of technology that would be present on a personal level among employees of any industry. It is to examine the particulars of the implementation of e-learning management which may be addressed through a change in strategy, approach, and program design, to provide further motivation for employees to avail of e-learning facilities in companies that most require them. The methodology involves survey by questionnaire and a case study illustrating the successful implementation of an e-learning initiative, and why employees would find certain methods and approaches preferably. Results show that despite the preference for digital communications, learners would prefer face-to-face communications rather than written, and are optimistic about the eventual results of their participation in e-learning programs. The greatest barrier to e-learning remains the resistance of the employees where it still exists, but this does not seem to be prevalent. The case study provides a successful example of e-learning application in an open network where the exchange of information through workplace learning appears highly effective. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Chapter 1: Introduction 7 1.1 Chapter Overview 7 1.2Background of the Problem 7 1.3 Statement of the Problem 8 1.4Research questions 8 1.5 Significance of the research problem 9 1.6 Scope and delimitation of the study 9 Chapter 2: Literature Review 10 2.1 Chapter Overview 10 2.2 Definition and taxonomy 10 2.3 Impact of e-learning in organisations 11 2.4 Internal marketing: How the e-learning is communicated & promoted within organisations 13 2.5 Theoretical framework 17 2.6 Synthesis and relation of literature review to the research study 18 Chapter 3: Methodology 20 3.1Chapter Overview 20 3.2Research strategy 20 3.3 Research design 21 3.4 Data description 21 3.5Population and sampling method 22 3.6Data gathering instrument 22 3.7 An alysis 23 3.8 Ethical considerations 25 Chapter 4: Discussion 26 4.1 Chapter Overview 26 4.2. Respondent Profile 26 4.2.1 According to age 26 4.2.2 According to gender 27 4.2.3 According to highest educational attainment 29 4.2.4 According to length of service 30 4.3 Factors affecting e-learning 31 4.3.1 Respondents from BPO firms 32 4.3.2 Respondents from IT firms 33 4.4 Contribution of internal communications to e-learning effectiveness 34 4.4.1 Respondents from BPO firms 34 4.4.2 Respondents from IT firms 35 4.5 Impact of e-learning 36 4.5.1 Respondents from BPO firms 37 4.5.2 Respondents from IT firms 38 4.6 Barriers to effective e-learning 39 4.6.1 Respondents from BPO firms 40 4.6.2 Respondents from IT firms 41 4.7 T-test results 42 4.7.1 Factors affecting e-learning 43 4.7.2 Contribution of internal communications to e-learning 44 4.7.3 Impact of e-learning 44 4.7.4 Barriers to e-learning 45 4.7.5 Case study of a strategic application in an actual case involving an IT company 45 Chapter 5: Conclusion 51 5.1 Summary of findings 51 5.1.1 Factors that contribute most to the successful implementation of e-learning in the organization.